I'm sure this info isn't going to make anybody feel better about their reduced bonus checks - but this is how it works:
At the beginning of the year, or whenever you are hired, a computation is done to determine what the federal tax withholding would be for someone receiving your salary. The computation is based on your ANNUAL salary and the number of exemptions you claim on your W2 form. It's just a best-guess shot at making a deduction that's close to what your
assumed tax liability is going to be. This isn't being done to screw you out of your money. On the contrary - it's done to save you the shock of being hit with a huge tax bill at the end of the year when you file your tax return. In fact, there is a legal requirement that you have a close estimate of your taxes withheld before your check is written. (Uncle Sam is always going to make sure he gets his before you get what's left!)
At the end of the year, you file a tax return that shows exactly what you were paid and what was deducted. You either get the amount they OVERDEDUCTED back as your return, or you send Sam a check for the amount that was UNDERDEDUCTED. If that check is very large, you will also have to pay a large penalty.
To keep this from happening to you, your employer will OVERdeduct taxes from any additional money you receive during the year. This is any money that is in addition to your annual salary. That's because this amount was unknown during the year when your taxes were withheld. Neither your employer, nor you know if that additional income is going to put you into a higher tax bracket or not. If it doesn't, then you'll get all that extra tax money back in your refund. If it does, then they've saved you having to pay a penalty to the Feds when you file your return.
(I apologize for the boring detail. I was a finance and budget officer in the federal gov't for 30 years and chief of the Payroll department in a large government agency for a good part of that time. I've been brainwashed.....)
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mamie4 5/14/03