"qolbinau, No I don't think you really need to know much about American history to enjoy the show. While I think the show hits home for many Americans in a special way, I don't see why someone outside of the US would not be able to be touched by Hamilton's universal theme of Who tells your story.
Perhaps you might not understand all of the 'wink wink' moments in the show, but the show speaks on a universal level and I believe anyone from any country would enjoy what the show has to say.
Hopefully that made sense. I'm sure Hogan's Hero can explain it to you more eloquently than I can.
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I 100% agree. I think it is helpful (buy not essential) to know the basic underpinnings of the revolution that (hopefully) any American would know but many non-Americans may not. (I say hopefully because I mean things like the fact that George Washington was the first president but apparently a sizeable group of Americans thinks it was Abe Lincoln so... I digress.) I don't even think it's necessary to know anything about Hamilton--many know very little. The main things you'll miss are things like the jokes about john Adams--you may need to know a little to get those but the show is still enjoyable without it.
I actually felt I learned a ton and it made me kind of embarrassed to realize how much I'd forgotten since high school. It rejuvenated my patriotism and awe in what the founders accomplished. I even am reading Chernow's book. That kind of thing may not be true for non-American viewers.
I take issue with the OP's comment that this is not a Broadway show. One of the great things about Hamilton (and many other shows we are seeing emerge) is it expands what a Broadway show is and brings new audiences to the theater. Surely not everyone has to like it and people can say they don't like the music or it wasn't for them or whatever opinion they're entitled to. But likewise not every Broadway show must have a score of traditional show tunes. I think the expanding variety of theater going on right now is truly exciting.
How lucky we are to be alive right now.