To my knowledge, there are no musical theatre performance MFA programs.
I only know of two: San Diego State University and University of Central Florida. There are several schools that have an MA or MM with a Musical Theatre concentration.
Ah. I have to say, I can't recall ever seeing an actor in a musical with an MFA from either of those schools. It's rare that you see any with an MFA in a musical. Though several actors in Once do, from NYU and Yale.
I'm pretty sure Steve Kazee has an MFA in Acting, not musical theatre, from NYU. Just like Da'Vine Joy Randolph and Bryce Pinkham both have Yale MFAs in Acting.
NYU-Steinhardt has an MM with a concentration in MT.
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I have an MFA in Acting from one of the elite institutions named by the OP. I also have many friends who are in or have graduated from those other two institutions. I believe I can provide a little insight.
As others have stated, and rightly so, this career is a crapshoot and going to one of these programs is far, far, FAR from a guarantee of success.
As far as schools having "connections", I think that is oversimplifying the issue.
However, there IS an advantage upon graduation, as more top shelf casting directors and talent representatives will come to your showcase, or will have seen you in plays during your time at school. A big part of that is simply location, with regard to NYU and Juilliard. It also has to do with the reputations of the schools.
Also, certain theatres like the Public and Williamstown hold auditions to cull their ensembles from programs like NYU/Yale/The Yard, so certain opportunities exist for these students that wouldn't exist for people NOT enrolled in those programs, which can lead to connections that are valuable down the road.
However, these advantages only go so far. It should also be noted again that there are many, many extraordinary performers who did not attend these programs, and have done well for themselves. Additionally, as I said before, I have many friends from many of these programs, and they are like countless other broke actors trying to make careers for themselves.
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