I know this might not be from 'a well-known' show, but 'Morning Person' from Shrek instantly came to mind. Probably because it 'force-feeds' the 'dance break' aspect.
Easy Street- Annie Anything Goes- Anything Goes Be Our Guest- Beauty and The Beast I Got Rhythm- Crazy for You Wedding Dance- Fiddler on the Roof Hello, Dolly- Hello, Dolly We Are What We Are- La Cage Aux Folles La Cage Aux Folles- La Cage Aux Folles Under the Sea- The Little Mermaid Does Your Mother Know- Mamma Mia! Seventy Six Trombones- The Music Man With A Little Bit Of Luck- My Fair Lady Get Me To The Church On Time- My Fair Lady Ugg-A-Wugg- Peter Pan Springtime For Hitler- The Producers
"Mame" - Mame "All I Need is the Girl" - Gypsy (for a soloist) "Swing!" - Wonderful Town "Conga!" - Wonderful Town "Who's Got the Pain?" - Damn Yankees "Steam Heat" - Pajama Game "Hernando's Hideaway' - Pajama Game "Put on a Happy Face" - Bye Bye Birdie "Kansas City" - Oklahoma! "Papa, Won't You Dance With Me?" - High Button Shoes "Moonfaced, Starry-Eyed" - Street Scene "Cool" - West Side Story