OlBlueEyes said: "Show Boat was controversial not only when it premiered in 1927, but as recently as the 1994 Hal Prince revival.
It was the first integrated musical, with both races playing on the same stage at the same time. Some thought that the slaughtered version of the English language the African Americans were given to speak was insulting, others just thought it was meant to be accurate.
Where's yo' all gwine?
Tell dose stingy men o' yourn
To step up here in line!
And of course the first word that greeted the audience was as reprehensible in 1927 as it is now.
n*s all work on the Mississippi
n*s all work while the white folk play.
That Hammerstein guy didn't ****foot around.
The Hal Prince revival spent a year in Toronto before transferring very successfully to Broadway. Many black communities in Toronto were angrily opposed to it: SHOW BOAT SPREADS LIES AND HATE and SHOW BOAT = CULTURAL GENOCIDE.
I didn't get it either.
"
"As reprehensible" in 1927? I wonder. I don't pretend to know what African-Americans thought about it, but I doubt white audiences were as horrified as we would be today. It wasn't until a couple of decades later that a cast simply refused to sing the word "n*" and Hammerstein subbed "colored folks" instead.
The use of the word in the original is more fairly compared to its use in contemporary rap music, as a taking of ownership of the word by the people it describes; the problem, of course, is that the writer was white, but I suspect that is at least occasionally true today. Unless I've forgotten a line somewhere (and I know there are a lot of different scripts floating around), the word is used by Joe, speaking of his own community, and then by a villain: the sheriff who comes to arrest Julie. It's not as if Magnolia and Cap'n Andy throw the word around casually.
As for Hammerstein, his greatest contribution to American musical theater was the writing of lyrics in the vernacular of the character who is singing. (Larry Hart, Ira Gershwin, Yip Harburg, Cole Porter, et al., all wrote lyrics in their own voices. In a Porter show, a maid sings with the same sophistication as a duchess.) So of course Hammerstein would use the word "n*" in the context of SHOW BOAT.
The word was always among the rudest of racial epithets, one not to be used by decent white people in the presence of blacks. But it was still a lot more common in 1927 than it is today. I'm afraid to speculate about tomorrow.
BTW, the cast wasn't just interracial. It also included white people performing in black face, something we would certainly find abhorrent today. The role of Queenie was played by a white actress who made her career in black face playing "Aunt Jemima", eventually netting a fortune from advertising. To my knowledge, none of this was considered controversial in 1927, though I can imagine African Americans disliking it privately.
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As for modern protests of the show, I suspect the complaint is the lack of agency of black characters in the play. Hammerstein certainly meant well, but he wasn't educated in post-modern theories of colonialism and racism. Queenie, Joe, Julie, etc., only exist (and this begins in Ferber's novel) when they are needed to give aid to the white characters. Julie even gives up her job, to Magnolia in Act II. It's as if people of color have no lives (or even thoughts) of their own.
This is a fair criticism of every version of SHOW BOAT, I think. But I'm not one to throw out the classics because they fail to meet our standards.