Musical theatre structure is one of my favorite things :) So, from older shows, I'd suggest "Wouldn't It Be Loverly" from My Fair Lady, "In My Own Little Corner" from Cinderella, "Simple Joys of Maidenhood" from Camelot, "If I Were A Rich Man" from Fiddler on the Roof, "Something's Coming" from West Side Story, "Some People" from Gypsy and "Corner of the Sky" from Pippin.
Moving into the Disney canon, you've got "Part of Your World", "Belle (Reprise)", "Proud of Your Boy" from Aladdin, "Just Around The Riverbend" from Pocahontas, "Out There" from Hunchback, "Go The Distance" from Hercules, "Reflection" from Mulan, "Almost There" from The Princess and the Frog, and "When Will My Life Begin?" from Tangled. "For the First Time in Forever" from Frozen and "How Far I'll Go" from Moana would also count, as would "Journey to the Past" from Anastasia (not a Disney movie but in the same genre).
Modern Broadway musicals have really embraced this, so a selection might include: "The Wizard and I", "Where I Want To Be" from Chess, "Temporarily Lost" from The Bridges of Madison County, "Foolish to Think" from Gentleman's Guide, "One Song Glory" from Rent, "My Shot", "Waving Through A Window", "Pierre", and "Everything Else" from Next to Normal,