LadyDramaturg2 wrote, "NobodyHome says, "there were floor mikes and possibly other area mikes in all the Broadway musicals she did starting with South Pacific."
"I've looked and looked, and can't find the name of the Sound Designer for South Pacific (in the 1949 production, right?)
"I did see Mary Martin and Robert Preston in I Do! I Do! -- the 46th St Theater was pretty big for a 2-person show. You know, there may have been boundary mics as suggested, but [I was a theater-tech-geek back then as now, and] there were no speakers in the theater. So unless they were built into the proscenium and completely masked with wood-like fabric...there would be no way for any amplified sound to be fed to the house. [I'm pretty sure there was no sound reinforcement on that show, but I can double check with my boss, who did the design for many other shows in the '50s, '60s, '70s...]"
Sound designers were rarely if ever credited before the 1970s because prior to that time it was all very primitive.
Richard Rodgers himself said that the last Rodgers and Hammerstein show that was unamplified was
Carousel. After that, all Rodgers and Hammerstein shows on Broadway were amplified. See page 304 of
The Richard Rodgers Reader, edited by Geoffrey Block. This was also mentioned in an exhibition about Rodgers at the Library of the Performing Arts, probably in his centennial year of 2002.
In addition, it's mentioned in Mark N. Grant's
The Rise and Fall of the Broadway Musical, an extremely uneven but sometimes very interesting book. It has a pretty good chapter on the history of amplification on Broadway, though there are some factual errors in that chapter (and in a number of places elsewhere in the book). For instance, he says that Carol Channing in
Hello, Dolly! was the first performer on Broadway to have been body-miked, which seems not to have been true. It seems that she was preceded by at least Anna Maria Alberghetti in
Carnival and perhaps Lena Horne in
Jamaica. But some of this history is a bit shadowy as no one wanted to admit to being body-miked.
I didn't see
I Do! I Do1 but by that time pretty much every Broadway musical had floor mikes, though there were a few — very few — exceptions. I was already seeing musicals by that time and I remember huge speakers at the ones I saw. I can't imagine that there weren't speakers because even unamplified nonmusicals often had speakers for things like understudy announcements, incidental music and sound effects.
Also, it was a Merrick show and Merrick shows were notorious for being heavily amplified because he was somewhat hard of hearing, although (at least according to Howard Kissel's bio of Merrick) the amplification may have been louder on opening nights when Merrick was in attendance because he'd complain if it wasn't loud enough for him to hear (see page 159,
The Abominable Showman). The critics were well aware of it. Kissel quotes Chapman in the
Daily News writing of
Destry Rides Again that it was "bugged with more mikes than the whole Soviet spy system owns."
As you may remember,
I Do! I Do! had the orchestra backstage behind a scrim. A situation like that pretty much ensures the need to mike.
According to some historians, the first book musical in a standard Broadway house to have been amplified was
Du Barry Was a Lady (yes, a Merman show) in 1939. Brass-heavy orchestrations. They tried to hide the mikes and the critics weren't aware of it though they were aware of it in
The Earl Carroll Vanities of 1940 and mentioned it in reviews.
Earlier still,
Jumbo was amplified, which was probably inevitable since it played in the huge Hippodrome. Ted Chapin mentioned this in the post-show discussion of the Musicals in Mufti production a few years ago.
Updated On: 12/19/08 at 02:48 PM