In the first place, Hammerstein didn't invent the characters in OKLAHOMA! Lynn Riggs invented them in GREEN GROW THE LILACS, the source adapted for the musical.
In the second, who said villains have to get a chance for redemption? Oddly enough, the great-grandfather of all Western dramaturgy, Aristotle, never mentions anything of the kind.
Third, what Hammerstein DOES do is argue for his villain's point of view. Although "Lonely Room" wasn't used in the film and isn't as well known, it does an excellent job of dramatizing the bleakness of Jud's life and explains why he acts the way he does. "Poor Jud is Dead" does its job in showing how Jud is a target of ridicule by the others in the community. Jus is NOT a melodrama villain, who is evil just for evil's sake.
Fourth, the show was written in the middle of a world war against fascist dictators. How would you expect it to portray a bully? (And if you'll check the news, I think you'll find we're still struggling against fascism, at home and abroad, today.)
Good to see another friendly discussion on this board about a matter of life and death. I have to admit, I haven’t noticed a lot of fascists around lately, although I was pretty pissed when they installed one of those automatic cameras in front of the high school that takes a photo of your license plate if it catches you speeding.
I'm aware of the source for the book of Oklahoma. Oscar Hammerstein II was and is a giant of American arts and letters. Lynn Riggs in comparison is a lilliputian. I'm sure that you understand that Hammerstein had no obligation and I'm sure no inclination to accept the characters as portrayed by Riggs.
Hammerstein did not have to give Jud a chance for redemption, but as a compassionate man who was slow to judge others it was unlike him to just let Jud ratify the shallow and smug opinions that the other characters had of him with his final act of attempting to murder Curly. I'm aware of "Lonely Room." When I was 10 and 11 my mother played the OBC albums all the time. "Lonely Room" was the most disturbing song to my young mind. It does let the audience know that Jud is lonely, unloved, uneducated, suffering from a desperate unrequited love for Laurey and without hope for the future.
But a modern audience already knows this. No one in the cast treats him with any kindness or understanding. Laurey toys with Jud, although she is aware of his love for her, when she agrees to go to the social with him just to get back at Curley, and then changes her mind and dumps him. Curley visits him and tries to manipulate him into killing himself.
For an instance of what I mean by redemption you have to look no further than Carousel, where Billy, unable to be admitted to heaven, returns to New England for one day, the graduation day of the lonely and bitter daughter he never knew, and gives her a star stolen from heaven. He tells Julie that he had really loved her as his daughter shows the first signs of reaching out to others.
I will concede, however, that "Lonely Room" does show Jud as a more complicated person to the audience. From the point of view of any of the characters in his life, though, Jud is the melodramatic villain and Jud does nothing to persuade them otherwise.
I really don't think that Oscar wrote the book as a political allegory in which Jud serves as a stand-in for Hitler or Mussolini. I think that he wrote it hoping for a commercial success, since it had been many years since he had had a hit musical.
Contrast the book here with that of Carousel, South Pacific and The King and I and I think that you would have to admit that the leading characters in those musicals are drawn with much greater depth and the stories are much more intricate.
Anyway, we are not debating Shakespeare here, just a popular American musical that ultimately lives or dies with its musical score. If we moved this discussion to opera, how would the stories that accompany many of the most famous operas stand up today's social mores? And come to think of it, what about Shakespeare and that Shylock character.
Updated On: 3/28/16 at 01:21 PM