Irv Kostal, as quoted in Steven Suskin’s “The Sound of Broadway”:
“One of the first things Lenny, Sid, and I did was to visit the Winter Garden Theatre to study the acoustics and also to hear the orchestra we might have to use. At that time, the Musicians’ Union insisted that each theatre designate four housemen, who had to play any show booked in that theatre. When Lenny heard the housemen at the Winter Garden, he groaned in despair. In particular, he could not stand the two cellists in the orchestra. He immediately dubbed them ‘the Shuberts.’ Then he asked us if we could hear the violists. We said no. At our next meeting, Lenny asked us how we felt about eliminating the violas from the orchestra. Sid and I had many times used all kinds of different instrumentations, and we readily agreed to a two-part string section, celli and violins. Now Lenny said, ‘What are we going to do about the two Shuberts?’ Between us, we decided to have two very good cellists play the difficult parts, and use the two mediocre players only on the loud parts, the tuttis, and, of course, the more simple parts, the potatoes (whole notes). That’s how major decisions are made! We could never mention any of this because, according to union rules, one musician is as good as another and it’s a punishable offense to infer otherwise. And other lies!”