I think Kushner makes some very astute arguments in this show about what change is, and how it can come about. Caroline is defined by her survivor’s instincts- which ultimately provide Emmie with the opportunity to join the civil rights movement. She may feel trapped in her role as a maid, but she is ultimately able to help improve the world, albeit indirectly.
Meanwhile, Grandpa Stopnik, for all his communist bluster, hasn’t really done anything- and apparently money is no concern for him (Kushner critiques the empty rhetoric of some communists in his other works, too, like the revolutionaries that don’t do anything in Bright Room Called Day). His introduction of a large sum of money is the catalyst for both Noah and Caroline to tap into bigotry- the only overt bigotry in the show, despite being set in Jim Crow-era Louisiana.
I think Kushner and Tesori create such a compelling, different view on race during this time period. It’s not a feel-good, easy depiction of overcoming, like Hairspray. Nobody is a noble activist, nobody is a racist villain. Kushner largely focused on the differences informed by class / money, even between Dottie and Caroline. Dottie has the privilege to be able to improve herself; Emmie has the privilege of risking danger to fight for civil rights because Caroline has provided security for her.
"...everyone finally shut up, and the audience could enjoy the beginning of the Anatevka Pogram in peace."